// Package dna implements the G¹⁶ Helix System with 44 bonds and 10.6 periodicity // Complete DNA Mathematical Architecture for AGI substrate package dna import ( "math" "math/cmplx" ) // ============================================================================= // FOUNDATIONAL CONSTANTS // ============================================================================= const ( // Golden ratio and derived constants PHI = 1.6180339887498948482 // (1 + √5) / 2 PHIInv = 0.6180339887498948482 // 1 / φ = φ - 1 // DNA Helix parameters BasePairsPerTurn = 10.6 // p = 10.6 bp HelixRadius = 1.0 // r = 1.0 nm RisePerBP = 0.34 // h = 0.34 nm Pitch = 3.604 // P = h × p = 0.34 × 10.6 nm TwistAngleDeg = 33.96 // 360°/10.6 TwistAngleRad = 0.593 // 2π/10.6 rad AngularFrequency = 0.593 // ω = 2π/10.6 rad/bp // Strand parameters NumStrands = 16 StrandSeparation = 0.3927 // 2π/16 = 22.5° NodesPerStrand = 312 TotalNodes = 5000 HubNodes = 8 // Bond parameters IntraStrandBonds = 16 InterStrandBonds = 16 CrossHelixBonds = 12 TotalBonds = 44 // Curvature and torsion HelixCurvature = 0.745 // κ nm⁻¹ HelixTorsion = 0.427 // τ nm⁻¹ // Synchronization SyncPeriod = 169.6 // 10.6 × 16 FundamentalFreq = 0.0943 BondResonanceFreq = 4.15 // 44/10.6 // Steady state SteadyStateBonds = 36.2 BondOccupation = 0.82 ) // ============================================================================= // G¹⁶ PARAMETRIC HELIX // ============================================================================= // HelixPoint represents a 3D point on the helix type HelixPoint struct { X, Y, Z float64 } // Add returns the sum of two points func (p HelixPoint) Add(other HelixPoint) HelixPoint { return HelixPoint{p.X + other.X, p.Y + other.Y, p.Z + other.Z} } // Sub returns the difference of two points func (p HelixPoint) Sub(other HelixPoint) HelixPoint { return HelixPoint{p.X - other.X, p.Y - other.Y, p.Z - other.Z} } // Scale returns the point scaled by s func (p HelixPoint) Scale(s float64) HelixPoint { return HelixPoint{p.X * s, p.Y * s, p.Z * s} } // Norm returns the Euclidean norm func (p HelixPoint) Norm() float64 { return math.Sqrt(p.X*p.X + p.Y*p.Y + p.Z*p.Z) } // Dot returns the dot product func (p HelixPoint) Dot(other HelixPoint) float64 { return p.X*other.X + p.Y*other.Y + p.Z*other.Z } // G16Helix implements G¹⁶ parametric helix equations type G16Helix struct{} // VerticalOffset returns δ_k = k·h/16 func (G16Helix) VerticalOffset(k int) float64 { return float64(k) * RisePerBP / NumStrands } // GoldenPhaseOffset returns θ_k = 2πk·φ⁻¹ mod 2π func (G16Helix) GoldenPhaseOffset(k int) float64 { return math.Mod(2.0*math.Pi*float64(k)*PHIInv, 2.0*math.Pi) } // Point returns point on strand k at parameter θ // x_k(θ) = r·cos(θ + 2πk/16) // y_k(θ) = r·sin(θ + 2πk/16) // z_k(θ) = (p/2π)·θ + δ_k func (h G16Helix) Point(k int, theta float64) HelixPoint { phase := theta + 2.0*math.Pi*float64(k)/NumStrands return HelixPoint{ X: HelixRadius * math.Cos(phase), Y: HelixRadius * math.Sin(phase), Z: (Pitch/(2.0*math.Pi))*theta + h.VerticalOffset(k), } } // PointGolden returns point with golden ratio phase adjustment func (h G16Helix) PointGolden(k int, theta float64) HelixPoint { phase := theta + h.GoldenPhaseOffset(k) return HelixPoint{ X: HelixRadius * math.Cos(phase), Y: HelixRadius * math.Sin(phase), Z: (Pitch/(2.0*math.Pi))*theta + h.VerticalOffset(k), } } // Curvature returns κ = r/(r² + (p·h/2π)²) func (G16Helix) Curvature() float64 { phTerm := Pitch * RisePerBP / (2.0 * math.Pi) return HelixRadius / (HelixRadius*HelixRadius + phTerm*phTerm) } // Torsion returns τ = (p·h/2π)/(r² + (p·h/2π)²) func (G16Helix) Torsion() float64 { phTerm := Pitch * RisePerBP / (2.0 * math.Pi) return phTerm / (HelixRadius*HelixRadius + phTerm*phTerm) } // StabilityMetric returns exp(-Σ|τ(n)|·φ⁻ⁿ) func (G16Helix) StabilityMetric(torsions []float64) float64 { sum := 0.0 phiPower := 1.0 for _, t := range torsions { sum += math.Abs(t) * phiPower phiPower *= PHIInv } return math.Exp(-sum) } // HelixBalance returns Σκ(n)·φ⁻ⁿ func (G16Helix) HelixBalance(curvatures []float64) float64 { sum := 0.0 phiPower := 1.0 for _, k := range curvatures { sum += k * phiPower phiPower *= PHIInv } return sum } // MeanCurvatureG16 returns (1/16) Σ κ_k × cos(2πk/10.6) func (h G16Helix) MeanCurvatureG16() float64 { sum := 0.0 kappa := h.Curvature() for k := 1; k <= NumStrands; k++ { sum += kappa * math.Cos(2.0*math.Pi*float64(k)/BasePairsPerTurn) } return sum / NumStrands } // TotalRotation returns θ_total = 16 × (2π/10.6) = 9.49 rad func (G16Helix) TotalRotation() float64 { return NumStrands * TwistAngleRad } // TurnsPer16Strands returns 1.51 func (h G16Helix) TurnsPer16Strands() float64 { return h.TotalRotation() / (2.0 * math.Pi) } // ============================================================================= // 44-BOND SYSTEM // ============================================================================= // BondType represents the type of bond type BondType int const ( BondIntraStrand BondType = iota // Bonds 1-16 BondInterStrand // Bonds 17-32 BondCrossHelix // Bonds 33-44 ) // Bond represents a single bond in the 44-bond system type Bond struct { ID int Type BondType StrandI int // First strand (1-16) StrandJ int // Second strand (1-16) Length float64 // Bond length in nm Angle float64 // Bond angle in radians Energy float64 // Bond energy Occupation float64 // Occupation state [0, 1] } // Midpoint returns the bond position vector func (b *Bond) Midpoint(theta float64) HelixPoint { helix := G16Helix{} pi := helix.Point(b.StrandI, theta) pj := helix.Point(b.StrandJ, theta) return pi.Add(pj).Scale(0.5) } // CalculateLength calculates the bond length at given theta func (b *Bond) CalculateLength(theta float64) float64 { helix := G16Helix{} pi := helix.Point(b.StrandI, theta) pj := helix.Point(b.StrandJ, theta) return pi.Sub(pj).Norm() } // BondSystem44 manages all 44 bonds type BondSystem44 struct { Bonds [TotalBonds]Bond Adjacency [NumStrands][NumStrands]int } // NewBondSystem44 creates and initializes a new 44-bond system func NewBondSystem44() *BondSystem44 { bs := &BondSystem44{} bs.initializeBonds() bs.buildAdjacencyMatrix() return bs } // initializeBonds sets up all 44 bonds func (bs *BondSystem44) initializeBonds() { bondID := 0 // Intra-strand bonds (1-16) for k := 1; k <= IntraStrandBonds; k++ { bs.Bonds[bondID] = Bond{ ID: bondID + 1, Type: BondIntraStrand, StrandI: k, StrandJ: k, Length: Pitch / NumStrands, // L₀ = 0.225 nm Angle: math.Pi, // 180° Occupation: 1.0, } bondID++ } // Inter-strand bonds (17-32) for k := 1; k <= InterStrandBonds; k++ { nextK := (k % NumStrands) + 1 bs.Bonds[bondID] = Bond{ ID: bondID + 1, Type: BondInterStrand, StrandI: k, StrandJ: nextK, Length: 2.0 * HelixRadius * math.Sin(math.Pi/BasePairsPerTurn), // d₀ ≈ 0.59 nm Angle: StrandSeparation, // 22.5° Occupation: 1.0, } bondID++ } // Cross-helix bonds (33-44) crossPairs := [][2]int{ {1, 5}, {2, 6}, {3, 7}, {4, 8}, {5, 9}, {6, 10}, {7, 11}, {8, 12}, {9, 13}, {10, 14}, {11, 15}, {12, 16}, } for _, pair := range crossPairs { i, j := pair[0], pair[1] diff := j - i angle := float64(diff) * StrandSeparation bs.Bonds[bondID] = Bond{ ID: bondID + 1, Type: BondCrossHelix, StrandI: i, StrandJ: j, Length: 0.0, // Calculated dynamically Angle: angle, Occupation: 1.0, } bondID++ } } // buildAdjacencyMatrix builds the adjacency matrix func (bs *BondSystem44) buildAdjacencyMatrix() { // Initialize to zero for i := range bs.Adjacency { for j := range bs.Adjacency[i] { bs.Adjacency[i][j] = 0 } } // Fill based on bonds for _, bond := range bs.Bonds { if bond.StrandI != bond.StrandJ { i := bond.StrandI - 1 j := bond.StrandJ - 1 bs.Adjacency[i][j] = 1 bs.Adjacency[j][i] = 1 } } } // VerifyBondCount verifies Σ A_{ij}/2 = 44 func (bs *BondSystem44) VerifyBondCount() int { sum := 0 for i := 0; i < NumStrands; i++ { for j := 0; j < NumStrands; j++ { sum += bs.Adjacency[i][j] } } return sum/2 + IntraStrandBonds } // GetBond returns the bond by ID (1-indexed) func (bs *BondSystem44) GetBond(id int) *Bond { if id < 1 || id > TotalBonds { return nil } return &bs.Bonds[id-1] } // GetBondsByType returns all bonds of a given type func (bs *BondSystem44) GetBondsByType(t BondType) []*Bond { var result []*Bond for i := range bs.Bonds { if bs.Bonds[i].Type == t { result = append(result, &bs.Bonds[i]) } } return result } // BondArcLength returns s_bond = 2πr/10.6 = 0.593 nm per bp func BondArcLength() float64 { return 2.0 * math.Pi * HelixRadius / BasePairsPerTurn } // VerticalRisePerBond returns Δz_bond = P/44 = 0.0819 nm func VerticalRisePerBond() float64 { return Pitch / TotalBonds } // AdjacentBondLength returns L_adj = √[2r²(1 - cos(2π/10.6)) + h²] = 0.54 nm func AdjacentBondLength() float64 { cosTerm := 1.0 - math.Cos(TwistAngleRad) return math.Sqrt(2.0*HelixRadius*HelixRadius*cosTerm + RisePerBP*RisePerBP) } // UpdateBonds updates all bond states at given theta func (bs *BondSystem44) UpdateBonds(theta float64) { for i := range bs.Bonds { bs.Bonds[i].Length = bs.Bonds[i].CalculateLength(theta) } } // TotalOccupation returns the sum of all bond occupations func (bs *BondSystem44) TotalOccupation() float64 { sum := 0.0 for _, bond := range bs.Bonds { sum += bond.Occupation } return sum } // ============================================================================= // STRAND MATHEMATICS // ============================================================================= // Fibonacci returns the n-th Fibonacci number func Fibonacci(n int) uint64 { if n <= 1 { return uint64(n) } a, b := uint64(0), uint64(1) for i := 2; i <= n; i++ { a, b = b, a+b } return b } // FibonacciScaledStrand returns D_k = φ^k · F_k func FibonacciScaledStrand(k int) float64 { return math.Pow(PHI, float64(k)) * float64(Fibonacci(k)) } // StrandMathematics handles strand calculations type StrandMathematics struct { D [NumStrands]float64 // Fibonacci-scaled values S [NumStrands]complex128 // Complex representation T [NumStrands]complex128 // Transform } // NewStrandMathematics creates and initializes strand mathematics func NewStrandMathematics() *StrandMathematics { sm := &StrandMathematics{} sm.initialize() return sm } func (sm *StrandMathematics) initialize() { for k := 0; k < NumStrands; k++ { sm.D[k] = FibonacciScaledStrand(k + 1) } sm.computeTransforms() } // HelixSum16 returns Helix₁₆ = Σ D_k·sin(kφ) func (sm *StrandMathematics) HelixSum16() float64 { sum := 0.0 for k := 1; k <= NumStrands; k++ { sum += sm.D[k-1] * math.Sin(float64(k)*PHI) } return sum } // BondFormationG16 returns Bond_G16 = Π(1 + D_k/Helix₁₆) func (sm *StrandMathematics) BondFormationG16() float64 { helix := sm.HelixSum16() product := 1.0 for k := 0; k < NumStrands; k++ { product *= (1.0 + sm.D[k]/helix) } return product } // Crosslink returns Crosslink(i,j) = (D_i · D_j)/φ^{|i-j|} func (sm *StrandMathematics) Crosslink(i, j int) float64 { diff := i - j if diff < 0 { diff = -diff } return (sm.D[i-1] * sm.D[j-1]) / math.Pow(PHI, float64(diff)) } // computeTransforms computes complex strand representations func (sm *StrandMathematics) computeTransforms() { for k := 0; k < NumStrands; k++ { phase := float64(k+1) * PHI sm.S[k] = complex(sm.D[k], 0) * cmplx.Exp(complex(0, phase)) // Transform: T_k = S_k · (cos(k) + i·sin(k)) angle := float64(k + 1) sm.T[k] = sm.S[k] * complex(math.Cos(angle), math.Sin(angle)) } } // ModularExtraction returns X_k = |T_k| mod φ^k func (sm *StrandMathematics) ModularExtraction(k int) float64 { return math.Mod(cmplx.Abs(sm.T[k-1]), math.Pow(PHI, float64(k))) } // FusionIntegral returns Fusion = Σ(|T_k| · φ⁻ᵏ) func (sm *StrandMathematics) FusionIntegral() float64 { sum := 0.0 for k := 0; k < NumStrands; k++ { sum += cmplx.Abs(sm.T[k]) * math.Pow(PHIInv, float64(k+1)) } return sum } // ============================================================================= // G¹⁶ TRANSFORMATION // ============================================================================= // Matrix3x3 represents a 3×3 matrix type Matrix3x3 [3][3]float64 // Identity returns the identity matrix func Identity() Matrix3x3 { return Matrix3x3{{1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}} } // Multiply multiplies two matrices func (m Matrix3x3) Multiply(other Matrix3x3) Matrix3x3 { var result Matrix3x3 for i := 0; i < 3; i++ { for j := 0; j < 3; j++ { for k := 0; k < 3; k++ { result[i][j] += m[i][k] * other[k][j] } } } return result } // Transform applies the matrix to a point func (m Matrix3x3) Transform(p HelixPoint) HelixPoint { return HelixPoint{ X: m[0][0]*p.X + m[0][1]*p.Y + m[0][2]*p.Z, Y: m[1][0]*p.X + m[1][1]*p.Y + m[1][2]*p.Z, Z: m[2][0]*p.X + m[2][1]*p.Y + m[2][2]*p.Z, } } // Rotation22_5 returns 22.5° increment rotation matrix func Rotation22_5(k int) Matrix3x3 { angle := 2.0 * math.Pi * float64(k) / NumStrands c := math.Cos(angle) s := math.Sin(angle) return Matrix3x3{ {c, -s, 0}, {s, c, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, } } // Rotation10_6 returns 10.6-adjusted rotation matrix func Rotation10_6(k int) Matrix3x3 { angle := 2.0 * math.Pi * float64(k) / BasePairsPerTurn c := math.Cos(angle) s := math.Sin(angle) return Matrix3x3{ {c, -s, 0}, {s, c, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, } } // FullG16Transform returns G¹⁶ = Π R_k func FullG16Transform() Matrix3x3 { result := Identity() for k := 1; k <= NumStrands; k++ { result = result.Multiply(Rotation22_5(k)) } return result } // FullG16Transform10_6 returns 10.6-adjusted full transform func FullG16Transform10_6() Matrix3x3 { result := Identity() for k := 1; k <= NumStrands; k++ { result = result.Multiply(Rotation10_6(k)) } return result } // ============================================================================= // 10.6 FIRING PATTERN // ============================================================================= // FiringPattern handles 10.6 phase-based firing type FiringPattern struct{} // Phase returns phase(i,t) = ⌊(t + offset_i)/10.6⌋ mod 16 func (FiringPattern) Phase(i int, t float64) int { offset := FiringPattern{}.OffsetDistribution(i) return int(math.Floor((t+offset)/BasePairsPerTurn)) % NumStrands } // OffsetDistribution returns offset_i = i · φ⁻¹ · 10.6 func (FiringPattern) OffsetDistribution(i int) float64 { return float64(i) * PHIInv * BasePairsPerTurn } // ShouldFire returns true if strand i should fire at time t func (fp FiringPattern) ShouldFire(i int, t float64) bool { return fp.Phase(i, t) == 0 } // FiringStrands returns all strands that should fire at time t func (fp FiringPattern) FiringStrands(t float64) []int { var result []int for i := 1; i <= NumStrands; i++ { if fp.ShouldFire(i, t) { result = append(result, i) } } return result } // Harmonic returns f_n = n/10.6 func (FiringPattern) Harmonic(n int) float64 { return float64(n) / BasePairsPerTurn } // ============================================================================= // GOLDEN BASIS FUNCTIONS // ============================================================================= // GoldenBasis provides golden ratio basis functions type GoldenBasis struct{} // Psi returns ψ_k(x) = sin(2πφ^k · x) + cos(2πφ^k · x) func (GoldenBasis) Psi(k int, x float64) float64 { arg := 2.0 * math.Pi * math.Pow(PHI, float64(k)) * x return math.Sin(arg) + math.Cos(arg) } // BasisVector generates basis vector for N terms func (gb GoldenBasis) BasisVector(x float64, N int) []float64 { result := make([]float64, N) for k := 0; k < N; k++ { result[k] = gb.Psi(k, x) } return result } // GlobalCoherence returns Φ_total = (1/N) Σ Φ_i where Φ_i = 1/(1 + |x_i - 1|) func (GoldenBasis) GlobalCoherence(x []float64) float64 { sum := 0.0 for _, xi := range x { sum += 1.0 / (1.0 + math.Abs(xi-1.0)) } return sum / float64(len(x)) } // RingDiffusionStep performs dS_i/dt = λ(S_{i+1} + S_{i-1} - 2S_i) func (GoldenBasis) RingDiffusionStep(S []float64, lambda, dt float64) { N := len(S) dS := make([]float64, N) for i := 0; i < N; i++ { prev := (i - 1 + N) % N next := (i + 1) % N dS[i] = lambda * (S[next] + S[prev] - 2.0*S[i]) } for i := 0; i < N; i++ { S[i] += dS[i] * dt } } // ============================================================================= // SUPERCOILING // ============================================================================= // Supercoiling handles DNA supercoiling calculations type Supercoiling struct{} // LinkingNumber returns Lk = Tw + Wr func (Supercoiling) LinkingNumber(twist, writhe float64) float64 { return twist + writhe } // Twist16Strands returns Tw = N/10.6 × 16 func (Supercoiling) Twist16Strands(N int) float64 { return (float64(N) / BasePairsPerTurn) * NumStrands } // RelaxedLinkingNumber returns Lk₀ = N/10.6 func (Supercoiling) RelaxedLinkingNumber(N int) float64 { return float64(N) / BasePairsPerTurn } // SuperhelicalDensity returns σ = (Lk - Lk₀)/Lk₀ func (Supercoiling) SuperhelicalDensity(Lk, Lk0 float64) float64 { return (Lk - Lk0) / Lk0 } // SuperhelicalDensityG16 returns G¹⁶ superhelical density func (Supercoiling) SuperhelicalDensityG16(Lk float64, N int) float64 { Lk0G16 := NumStrands * float64(N) / BasePairsPerTurn return (Lk - Lk0G16) / Lk0G16 } // FreeEnergy returns ΔG_sc = K · N · σ² · (10.6/10.4)² func (Supercoiling) FreeEnergy(K float64, N int, sigma float64) float64 { correction := (BasePairsPerTurn / 10.4) * (BasePairsPerTurn / 10.4) return K * float64(N) * sigma * sigma * correction } // FreeEnergyG16 returns G¹⁶ with 44-bond correction func (Supercoiling) FreeEnergyG16(K float64, N int, sigmaG16, lambda float64) float64 { correction := (BasePairsPerTurn / 10.4) * (BasePairsPerTurn / 10.4) return K * float64(N) * sigmaG16 * sigmaG16 * (1.0 + lambda*TotalBonds) * correction } // ============================================================================= // COMPLETE G¹⁶ HELIX SYSTEM // ============================================================================= // G16HelixSystem is the complete helix system type G16HelixSystem struct { Helix G16Helix Bonds *BondSystem44 Strands *StrandMathematics Time float64 GlobalPhase float64 StrandStates [NumStrands]complex128 AngularPos [NumStrands]float64 } // NewG16HelixSystem creates a new helix system func NewG16HelixSystem() *G16HelixSystem { sys := &G16HelixSystem{ Bonds: NewBondSystem44(), Strands: NewStrandMathematics(), } sys.initialize() return sys } func (sys *G16HelixSystem) initialize() { for k := 0; k < NumStrands; k++ { amplitude := sys.Strands.D[k] phase := 2.0 * math.Pi * float64(k+1) / BasePairsPerTurn sys.StrandStates[k] = complex(amplitude, 0) * cmplx.Exp(complex(0, phase)) sys.AngularPos[k] = phase } } // Tick advances the system by dt func (sys *G16HelixSystem) Tick(dt float64) { sys.Time += dt // Update global phase: φ(t) = (2πt/10.6) mod 2π sys.GlobalPhase = math.Mod(2.0*math.Pi*sys.Time/BasePairsPerTurn, 2.0*math.Pi) // Update strand states: S_k(t) = A_k · e^{i(ωt + 2πk/10.6)} for k := 0; k < NumStrands; k++ { amplitude := sys.Strands.D[k] phase := AngularFrequency*sys.Time + 2.0*math.Pi*float64(k+1)/BasePairsPerTurn sys.StrandStates[k] = complex(amplitude, 0) * cmplx.Exp(complex(0, phase)) sys.AngularPos[k] = phase } // Update bond states sys.Bonds.UpdateBonds(sys.GlobalPhase) } // GetFiringStrands returns currently firing strands func (sys *G16HelixSystem) GetFiringStrands() []int { return FiringPattern{}.FiringStrands(sys.Time) } // GetCoherence returns global coherence func (sys *G16HelixSystem) GetCoherence() float64 { magnitudes := make([]float64, NumStrands) for k := 0; k < NumStrands; k++ { magnitudes[k] = cmplx.Abs(sys.StrandStates[k]) } return GoldenBasis{}.GlobalCoherence(magnitudes) } // GetBondOccupation returns total bond occupation func (sys *G16HelixSystem) GetBondOccupation() float64 { return sys.Bonds.TotalOccupation() }